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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 41(1): 207-209, 07/03/2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362096

ABSTRACT

Objetivo A síndrome de Terson (ST), também conhecida como hemorragia vítrea, é relatada em pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóide causada por um aneurisma rompido. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a presença de hemorragia ocular nesses pacientes, buscando identificar aqueles que poderiam se beneficiar do tratamento específico para a recuperação do déficit visual. Métodos Estudo prospectivo de 53 pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóide espontânea (SSAH) por aneurisma rompido. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à hemorragia vítrea por fundoscopia indireta com 6 a 12 meses de seguimento. Resultados A idade dos pacientes variou de 17 a 79 anos (média de 45,9 ± 11,7); 39 pacientes eram do sexo feminino (73%) e 14 do sexo masculino (27%). Seis pacientes (11%) apresentaram ST e 83,3% apresentaram perda transitória de consciência durante a ictus. Conclusões Uma avaliação oftalmológica deve ser realizada rotineiramente em pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóide, especialmente naqueles com pior grau neurológico. Além disso, o prognóstico foi ruim em pacientes com ST.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aortic Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Aortic Rupture/mortality , Spinal Puncture/methods , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Vitrectomy/methods , Vitreous Hemorrhage/mortality , Retinal Hemorrhage/mortality , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Chi-Square Distribution , Prospective Studies
2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(3): 207-209, 15/09/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362098

ABSTRACT

Objective Terson syndrome (TS), also known as vitreous hemorrhage, is reported in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm. This study aims to evaluate the presence of ocular hemorrhage in such patients, trying to identify those who could benefit from the specific treatment for visual deficit recovery. Methods Prospective study of 53 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) due to ruptured aneurysm. The patients were evaluated for vitreous hemorrhage through indirect fundoscopy with 6 to 12 months of follow-up. Results The ages of the patients ranged from 17 to 79 years-old (mean age, 45.9 11.7); 39 patients were female (73%) and 14 were male (27%). Six patients (11%) presented TS, and 83.3% had a transient loss of consciousness during ictus. Conclusions An ophthalmologic evaluation must be routinely performed in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, especially in those with worse neurological grade. Moreover, prognosis was bad in TS patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aortic Rupture/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Vitreous Hemorrhage/mortality , Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Rupture/mortality , Aortic Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Prognosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Chi-Square Distribution , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
3.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(4): 279-283, 15/12/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362324

ABSTRACT

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5 to 10% of all types of stroke, with rupture of brain aneurysms being related to deficits in memory, executive functions, and language. Changes in brain functions appear to be related to the presence of blood in the subarachnoid space, and the Fisher Scale (FS) correlates the amount of blood identified on computed tomography (CT). This paper presents a literature review of the association of FS with cognitive deficits secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), using PubMed. The attempt to correlate the amount of blood identified in the CT with the development of cognitive alterations presents conflicting data. It was evidenced that some of the studies did not perform cognitive tests, or did not show differences between the scores of FS due to sample difficulty. The FS, even with its limitations and imperfections, seems to be a safe and easily reproducible way to predict neurological, cognitive or neuropsychological deficits, in view of its routine use when analyzing patients with aSAH.


Subject(s)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Severity of Illness Index , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology , Language Disorders/etiology
4.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(1): 1-4, 15/03/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362401

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze the population and the earlymortality rate (up to thirty days) of patients victim of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) according to the Hunt-Hess clinical scale and the Fisher and modified Fisher radiological scales. Materials and Methods We analyzed 46 medical records and skull computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with spontaneous SAH admitted between February 2014 and December 2017 at Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. The method of the study was exploratorydescriptive, transversal and retrospective, with a quantitative approach. We analyzed epidemiological (gender, age), clinical (life habits, pathologies, Glasgow coma scale and Hunt-Hess scale) and radiological (Fisher and modified Fisher scales) variables, and the Hunt-Hess and the Fisher scales were correlated with risk of death. The data was submitted to statistical analysis considering values of p<0.05. Result There was a higher prevalence of spontaneous SAH among women (69.5%), as well as among patients aged between 51 and 60 years (34.7%). Regarding the grades on the scales, there was higher prevalence of Fisher 4, Modified Fisher 4 and Hunt-Hess 2. Evolution to death was higher among women (76.4%) and patients aged between 61 and 70 years (35,2%). Conclusion Mortality was higher among patients classified as Fisher 3, Modified Fisher 4 and Hunt-Hess > 3. The Fisher scale is better than the modified Fisher scale to assess the risk of mortality.


Subject(s)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(5): 448-454, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057454

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to determine predictors of mortality among patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the Intensive of our institution during a 7 year period (2009-2015). Data were collected from the Intensive Care Unit computerized database and the patients' chart reviews. Results: We included in the study 107 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. A ruptured aneurysm was the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in 76 (71%) patients. The overall mortality was 40% (43 patients), and was significantly associated with septic shock, midline shift on CT scan, inter-hospital transfer, aspiration pneumonia and hypernatraemia during the first 72 hours of Intensive Care Unit stay. Multivariate analysis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage following an aneurysm rupture revealed that mortality was significantly associated with septic shock and hypernatremia during the first 72 hours of Intensive Care Unit stay, while early treatment of aneurysm (clipping or endovascular coiling) within the first 72 hours was identified as a predictor of a good prognosis. Conclusions: Transferred patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage had lower survival rates. Septic shock and hypernatraemia were important complications among critically ill patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and were associated increased mortality.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A hemorragia subaracnoidea é uma causa importante de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar os preditivos de mortalidade entre os pacientes com hemorragia subaracnoidea internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com hemorragia subaracnoidea internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de nossa instituição de 2009 a 2015. Os dados foram coletados do banco de dados eletrônico da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e de revisões dos prontuários dos pacientes. Resultados: Incluímos no estudo 107 pacientes com hemorragia subaracnoidea. A ruptura de aneurisma foi a causa da hemorragia subaracnoidea em 76 pacientes (71%). A mortalidade geral foi de 40% (43 pacientes) e esteve significativamente associada ao choque séptico, desvio da linha média na tomografia computadorizada, transferência inter-hospitalar, pneumonia por aspiração e hipernatremia durante as primeiras 72 horas de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A análise multivariada dos pacientes com hemorragia subaracnoidea pós-ruptura de aneurisma revelou que a mortalidade esteve significativamente associada ao choque séptico e hipernatremia nas primeiras 72 horas de permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, enquanto o tratamento precoce do aneurisma (clipagem ou embolização endovascular) nas primeiras 72 horas foi identificado como preditivo de um bom prognóstico. Conclusões: Os pacientes com hemorragia subaracnoidea transferidos apresentaram taxas menores de sobrevivência. Choque séptico e hipernatremia foram complicações importantes entre os pacientes gravemente enfermos com hemorragia subaracnoidea e foram associados ao aumento da mortalidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Intensive Care Units , Middle Aged
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(9): 833-836, Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976859

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Acute neurological illness often results in severe disability. Five-year life expectancy is around 40%; half the survivors become completely dependent on outside help. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the symptoms of patients admitted to a Hospital ward with a diagnosis of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage or subdural hematoma, and analyze the role of an In-Hospital Palliative Care Support Team. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective, observational study with a sample consisting of all patients admitted with acute neurological illness and with a guidance request made to the In-Hospital Palliative Care Support Team of a tertiary Hospital, over 5 years (2012-2016). RESULTS A total of 66 patients were evaluated, with an age median of 83 years old. Amongst them, there were 41 ischaemic strokes, 12 intracranial bleedings, 12 subdural hematomas, and 5 subarachnoid hemorrhages. The median of delay between admission and guidance request was 14 days. On the first evaluation by the team, the GCS score median was 6/15 and the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) median 10%. Dysphagia (96.8%) and bronchorrhea (48.4%) were the most prevalent symptoms. A total of 56 patients had a feeding tube (84.8%), 33 had vital sign monitoring (50.0%), 24 were hypocoagulated (36.3%), 25 lacked opioid or anti-muscarinic therapy for symptom control (37,9%); 6 patients retained orotracheal intubation, which was removed. In-hospital mortality was 72.7% (n=48). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Patients were severely debilitated, in many cases futile interventions persisted, yet several were under-medicated for symptom control. The delay between admission and collaboration request was high. Due to the high morbidity associated with acute neurological illness, palliative care should always be timely provided.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Eventos neurológicos agudos resultam frequentemente em incapacidade grave que impede o doente de participar ativamente nas decisões do seu próprio tratamento. A sobrevida a cinco anos ronda os 40%; metade dos sobreviventes fica dependente de terceiros. Objetivo Avaliar a sintomatologia de doentes internados com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), hemorragia subarcnoideia (HSA) ou subdural (HSD) e analisar a intervenção de uma Equipe Intra-Hospitalar de Suporte em Cuidados Paliativos (EIHSCP). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Estudo retrospetivo observacional dos doentes com diagnóstico principal de evento neurológico agudo com pedido de colaboração à EIHSCP, num hospital terciário, durante cinco anos (2012-2016). RESULTADOS Avaliados 66 doentes, com média de idade de 83 anos. Destacam-se 41 AVC isquêmicos, 12 hemorrágicos, 12 HSD e 5 HSA. A média da demora entre internamento e pedido de colaboração à EIHSCP foi de 14 dias. Na primeira observação, a média na escala de coma de Glasgow foi de 6/15 e na Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) foi de 10%. Disfagia (96,8%) e broncorreia (48,4%) foram os sintomas mais frequentes. A maioria dos doentes (56/66) mantinha sonda nasogástrica (84,8%); 33 encontravam-se em monitorização cardiorrespiratória (50,0%); 24 estavam sob hipocoagulação (36,3%); 25 necessitavam de opioide e antimuscarínico que não estavam prescritos (37,9%); seis tinham tubo orotraqueal, que foi retirado. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 72,7% (n=48). DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO Destaca-se o estado debilitado dos doentes; em muitos casos, intervenções fúteis persistiam, mas várias foram submedicadas para o controle dos sintomas. Verificou-se um tempo de espera elevado até o pedido de colaboração. Pela elevada morbilidade associada a esses eventos, cuidados paliativos diferenciados deveriam ser oferecidos no tempo adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Palliative Care/methods , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/therapy , Stroke/therapy , Hematoma, Subdural/therapy , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Time Factors , Pain Measurement , Glasgow Coma Scale , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Stroke/physiopathology , Stroke/mortality , Hematoma, Subdural/physiopathology , Hematoma, Subdural/mortality
7.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1889-1895, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-56484

ABSTRACT

Prompt diagnosis and appropriate transport of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is critical. We aimed to study differences in clinical outcomes by emergency medical services (EMS) usage and interhospital transfer in patients with SAH. We analyzed the CAVAS (CArdioVAscular disease Surveillance) database which is an emergency department-based, national cohort of cardiovascular disease in Korea. Eligible patients were adults with non-traumatic SAH diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2012. We excluded those whose EMS use and intershopital transfer data was unknown. The primary and secondary outcomes were mortality and neurologic status at discharge respectively. We compared the outcomes between each group using multivariable logistic regressions, adjusting for sex, age, underlying disease, visit time and social history. Of 5,461 patients with SAH, a total of 2,645 were enrolled. Among those, 258 used EMS and were transferred from another hospital, 686 used EMS only, 1,244 were transferred only, and 457 did not use EMS nor were transferred. In the regression analysis, mortality was higher in patients who used EMS and were transferred (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.92), but neurologic disability was not meaningfully different by EMS usage and interhospital transfer. In Korea, SAH patients' mortality is higher in the case of EMS use or receiving interhospital transfer.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Patient Transfer/statistics & numerical data , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(8): 982-988, ago. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728346

ABSTRACT

Background: One third of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysms, die. Aim: Review of medical records of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated at a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of patients discharged from the hospital between 2006 and 2011 with the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients initially or subsequently treated elsewhere were not analyzed. Results: The medical records of 82 patients aged 24 to 100 years (77% females), were analyzed. The clinical diagnosis at the onset of the condition was correct in 82% of cases. In 95% of patients, an angiographic study and subsequent surgical intervention of the aneurysm were carried out within 24 hours of diagnosis. Global mortality was 23%. Twelve patients died prior to any possible treatment, due to the severity of the disease. Seventy six aneurysms in 70 patients were treated with clips or coils in 37 and 39 cases, respectively. Seven patients died. Forty seven patients had a Rankin disability score of two or less. Conclusions: The presence of an intracranial hematoma or acute hydrocephaly on admission and clinical vasospasm during evolution were associated with a bad prognosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/mortality , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(11): 841-845, 1jan. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691309

ABSTRACT

Objective To assess trends in mortality from 1999 to 2008 resulting from non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Colombian population. Method This population-based study analyzed all deaths by assuming a Poisson model. Results Subarachnoid hemorrhage-related deaths showed a statistically significant increase of 1.6% per year (p<0.001). The age-standardized analysis demonstrated an increased mortality trend of 3.3% per year (p<0.001) in people older than 70 years, but a decreased mortality trend in people younger than 50. It remained stable in patients 50-69 years old. Conclusion The overall SAH-related mortality rate in Colombia has increased because increased mortality among the elderly has been counterbalanced by reduced mortality rates in younger age groups. These disparities may reflect epidemiologic transition, treatment inequities, or a less favorable comorbid profile. .


Objetivo Avaliar as tendências da mortalidade relacionada a hemorragia subaracnóidea não-traumática (HSA) entre 1999 e 2008, na Colômbia. Método Foi realizado um estudo de base populacional, com base na análise das causas de morte, assumindo um modelo de Poisson. Resultados A incidência de mortes relacionadas a SAH mostrou um aumento estatisticamente significativo de 1,6% ao ano (p<0,001) para toda a população. A análise ajustada por idade demonstrou aumento da mortalidade de 3,3% ao ano (p<0,001) em pessoas com mais de 70 anos de idade, diminuição em pessoas com menos de 50 anos de idade e estabilidade em pessoas com idade entre 50 e 69 anos. Conclusão A taxa geral de mortalidade relacionada a SAH na Colômbia aumentou, porque o aumento da mortalidade entre os idosos foi maior que a redução nas taxas de mortalidade em grupos etários mais jovens. Estas disparidades podem refletir transição epidemiológica, as desigualdades de tratamento ou um perfil de comorbidades menos favorável. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Age Distribution , Colombia/epidemiology , Mortality/trends , Poisson Distribution , Sex Distribution , Time Factors
11.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 37: 19-22, jul. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708071

ABSTRACT

La hidrocefalia es una complicación frecuente de la hemorragia subaracnoídea (HSA); se ha propuesto la fenestración de la lamina terminalis en el momento del clipaje aneurismático como un medio de facilitar la dinámica del flujo de líquido cefaloraquídeo (LCR) y de reducción de la incidencia de HCF dependiente de shunt. Realizamos un analisis retrospectivo para probar la hipótesis de que la fenestración de la lamina terminalis efectivamente reduce la incidencia de HCF dependiente de shunt y de complicaciones isquémicas en pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoídea aneurismática (grado de Fisher modificado III o IV). Las fichas clínicas de 145 pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoídea aneurismática fueron analizadas; 48 de estos pacientes recibieron tratamiento con coiling endovascular y 97 fueron tratados con clipaje microquirúrgico. De estos últimos, 9 pacientes fueron sometidos a fenestración de la lamina terminalis. En los 9 pacientes con fenestración de la lamina terminalis. No hubo ningún caso de HCF dependiente de shunt. En los 104 pacientes con HSA grado 3 o 4 en los cuales el aneurisma fue tratado pero la lamina terminalis no fue fenestrada, la incidencia de HCF dependiente de shunt fue de 5,3 por ciento; esta diferencia no fue estadísticamene significativa (p=0,378). Pese a que los resultados de este estudio no apoyan la real efectividad de la FLT en la reducción de la incidencia de HCF dependiente de shunt, la tasa de complicaciones isquémicas o la mortalidad a 6 meses en pacientes con HAS aneurismática, observamos una tendencia en el grupo con FLT a mostrar una menor incidencia de HCF post HAS. No hubo en esta casuística complicaciones directamente atribuíbles a la FLT. El bajo riesgo de la FLT la convierte en una opción válida como parte del manejo integral de la HAS aneurismática, a la espera de estudios prospectivos que clarifiquen el rol de esta intervención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/cerebrospinal fluid , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/therapy , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Hydrocephalus/prevention & control
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-134588

ABSTRACT

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare, benign neoplasm, relatively more common in childhood. It is associated with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, frequently in association with obstructive hydrocephalus. CT and MRI are the investigations of choice and are diagnostic. Sudden deaths have been reported, but are very unusual. A 41 year old male was brought for medico-legal autopsy examination on ground of sudden death. He was reported to have headaches over a long period of time. On autopsy examination, massive sub-arachnoid hemorrhage was seen on both the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. A cyst measuring about 1 cm diameter was found in choroid plexus of right lateral ventricle. On histopathological examination, it was found to be a choroid plexus papilloma. Calcification was also evident in the papilloma. From medico-legal aspect, the present case reveals an unusual cause for sudden death in an adult male. The pathology could have been diagnosed easily by CT scan or MRI. When diagnosed, it has good survival rate, the morbidity depending on the extent of pathological effects. The present case was likely to have survived having minimal effects with appropriate treatment had he been diagnosed. The pathology is rare and a suspicion for this pathology in the adult male was not expected, but a CT scan to investigate chronic headache was warranted. Absence of such a suggestion leading to death, which could have been preventable, is sufficient ground for charge of professional negligence.


Subject(s)
Adult , Cause of Death , Death, Sudden/etiology , Death, Sudden/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Male , Papilloma, Choroid Plexus/complications , Papilloma, Choroid Plexus/etiology , Papilloma, Choroid Plexus/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4b): 1139-1143, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-477759

ABSTRACT

We performed a cross-sectional study of stroke type frequency at a local emergency hospital, in Natal, Brazil. The sample consisted of all patients who were admitted to an emergency hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of stroke. Of the 416 patients, 328 were studied, 88 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, 74.7 percent (n= 245) had ischemic stroke 17.7 percent (n=58) had intracerebral hemorrhage, 7.6 percent (n=25) had subarachnoid hemorrhage; 173 were men (52.7 percent). Mean age was 64.1 years. The intrahospital mortality rate was 10.2 percent, 17.2 percent and 36 percent for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The most prevalent modifiable risk factor was hypertension for ischemic stroke (67.6 percent) and hemorrhage stroke (57.8 percent). Logistic regression analysis identified diabetes (OR=3.70; CI=1.76-7.77) as independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. The ischemic stroke was most common type of stroke. Hypertension and diabetes were important risk factors for stroke.


Realizamos um estudo de prevalência para determinar a freqüência dos tipos de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) num hospital de urgência de Natal. Estudaram-se todos os pacientes que foram admitidos no hospital de urgência com diagnóstico presuntivo de AVC. Dos 416 pacientes, 328 foram estudados, 88 foram excluídos por não cumprirem os critérios de inclusão, 74,7 por cento (n= 245) tiveram AVC isquêmico, 17,7 por cento (n=58) hemorragia intracerebral e 7,6 por cento (n=25) hemorragia subaracnóidea. O gênero mais prevalente foi o masculino (52,7 por cento). A média de idade foi 64,1 anos. A letalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,2 por cento, 17,2 por cento e 36 por cento para o tipo isquêmico, hemorrágico e hemorragia subaracnóide, respectivamente. O principal fator de risco modificável foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) para AVC isquêmico (67,6 por cento) e AVC hemorrágico (57,8 por cento). A regressão logística identificou diabetes como fator de risco independente para AVC isquêmico (OR=3,70; IC=1,76-7,77). O AVC isquêmico foi o tipo mais comum. HAS e diabetes foram importantes fatores de risco.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Mortality , Brain Ischemia/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(2A): 245-249, jun. 2004. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-361348

ABSTRACT

A hemorragia subaracnóidea espontânea é responsável por cerca de 5 a 10% de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, com uma incidência mundial de 10,5 / 100000 pessoas/ano, variando em estudos individuais de 1,1 a 96 / 100000 pessoas / ano, de acordo com diferenças étnicas e geográficas. Estudos angiográficos e de necropsia sugerem que a presença de aneurismas intracranianos ocorre em 0,5-5% da população mundial. De acordo com estatísticas norte-americanas, ocorrem cerca de 30000 rupturas de aneurisma cerebral por ano naquele país, com conseqüências desastrosas para grande parte dos pacientes: cerca de 60% morrem ou permanecem com seqüelas neurológicas graves. Relatamos a experiência do nosso serviço num período de seis anos no tratamento dos aneurismas intracranianos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram revistos os prontuários e descrições de cirurgia de todos os pacientes operados para tratamento de aneurismas intracranianos no período de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 2003. Quatrocentos e setenta e sete pacientes foram submetidos a 525 procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de 630 aneurismas. A maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, na quarta e quinta décadas de vida. Aneurismas de circulação anterior foram mais freqüentes, e a localização mais comum foi a artéria cerebral média. O período de seguimento dos pacientes variou de um mês a 5 anos. A avaliação do resultado foi feita de acordo com a "Glasgow Outcome Scale" (GOS) por ocasião da alta hospitalar, com 296 pacientes em GOS 5 (62,1%), 66 (13,9%) em GOS 4, 49 (8,7%) em GOS 3, 8 (1,7%) em GOS 2 e 70 (14,8%) em GOS 1.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery , Brazil/epidemiology , Cerebral Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Intracranial Aneurysm/mortality , Patient Discharge/standards , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 75(5): 369-79, Nov. 2000.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-273493

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in women during the reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1995. METHODS: A list of all deaths and their underlying causes, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, multiple causes of death, and estimates of the female population according to age groups were provided by the SEADE Foundation. Specific coefficients for 100 thousand women for each year as well as the medians of these coefficients related to 5 years, and the percentage of death by subgroups were calculated. RESULTS: Cerebrovascular diseases have the highest coefficients (14.24 for 100 thousand females), followed by ischemic heart disease (7.37), other heart diseases (6.39), hypertensive disease (3.03), chronic rheumatic heart disease (1.58), pulmonary vascular diseases (1.29), and active rheumatic fever (0.05). Systemic arterial hypertension, as an associated cause, occurred in 55.3 percent to 57.8 percent of all the deaths due to intracerebral hemorrhage and in 30.4 percent to 30.8 percent due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The significance of cerebrovascular diseases, coronary artery disease, and systemic arterial hypertension as causes of mortality suggests the need to emphasize preventive actions for young women who have the potential to reproduce to avoid possible complications in future pregnancies, and premature mortality


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Maternal Mortality , Cause of Death , Age Distribution , Intracranial Hemorrhages/mortality , Hypertension/complications
16.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 56(4): 271-3, jul.-ago. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-236516

ABSTRACT

Se describe el manejo anestésico de una paciente embarazada, transplantada renal, que fue intervenida para el clipado de aneurismas múltiples. La paciente, de 36 años, se hallaba cursando embarazo de 13 semanas, habiéndose diagnosticado hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) por tomografía axial computarizada. Presentaba antecedentes de hipertensión arterial previa al embarazo y de un transplante renal (hacía seis meses), del que evolucionó con rechazo crónico. Angiográficamente se demostraron aneurismas múltiples (3 derechos y 2 izquierdos) en los trayectos de las arterias Comunicante Anterior y Silvianas. El clipado aneurismático se realizó en dos tiempos de forma programada (días 6 y 36 post-HSA), respectivamente). El manejo intraoperatorio tuvo como objetivos mantener normotensión (tensión arterial media entre 70 y 100 mmHg), hipocapnia leve (30 mmHg) y realizar protección cerebral farmacológica con tiopental sódico durante el clipado transitorio. La función renal se preservó manteniendo la tensión arterial media por encima de 70 mmHg; el uso de manitol y furosemida contribuyó a asegurar un volumen urinario elevado, además de facilitar la exposición quirúrgica. Ambas neurocirugías cursaron sin inconvenientes para la mujer y el feto, preservándose además la función renal. Cuando la HSA se produce durante el embarazo, con el feto aún inmaduro, la conducta indicada es la cirugía precoz del aneurisma, permitiendo que el feto progrese para realizar la cesárea abdominal a término. En estos pacientes con patologías concurrentes el conocimiento de las modificaciones fisiopatológicas permite adecuar la técnica anestésica a cada situación en particular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Anesthesia, General , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Neurosurgery , Neurosurgical Procedures , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Kidney Transplantation , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Graft Rejection , Hypotension, Controlled , Isoflurane/administration & dosage , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Thiopental/administration & dosage
17.
Med. UIS ; 11(4): 214-7, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232013

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia subaracnoidea producida por la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral es una entidad relativamente frecuente que afecta a una población activa y es capaz de generar altos grados de incapacidad y mortalidad. Se debe resaltar la importancia que el diagnóstico precoz tiene sobre el pronóstico. Los dos principales problemas que generan las mayores complicaciones son el resangrado y el vasoespasmo arterial. Un adecuado entendimiento de la fisiología es vital para obtener los mejores resultados terapéuticos, evitando aumentar la morbi-mortalidad que ya posee por si sola esta entidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/rehabilitation , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis , Intracranial Aneurysm/epidemiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/physiopathology , Intracranial Aneurysm/rehabilitation , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 55(1): 31-8, mar. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-194700

ABSTRACT

A diferença arterio-venosa de oxigenio (DAVO2), pelo fatode estar relacionada com o metabolismo cerebral, reflete alteracoes que ocorrem em determinadas situacoes patologicas, entre elas as causadas pela hemoragia subaracnoidea espontanea (HSAE). Com a finalidade de avaliar a relacao entre alteracoes na DAVO2 com o quadro clinico e a evolucao de pacientes com HSAE, devido Ó ruptura de aneurisma cerebral, este metodo foi utilizado em 30 pacientes portadores desta patologia, admitidos na unidade de neurocirurgia do HBDF. A HSAE foi confirmada por CT de cranio em 17 pacientes e por punçÒo lombar em 13. Dezoito pacientes foram admitidos com Hunt & Hess (H&H) I ou II, sete com H&H III e cinco com H&H IV ou V. A medida da DAVO2 baseou-se na equacao de Fick e os resultados clinicos foram avaliados pela escala de sequelas de Glasgow. Dezenove pacientes apresentaram DAVO2 normais (inicialmente e durante a evoluçÒo), sendo que trÛs faleceram; cinco tiveram valores de DAVO2 sempre baixos e tres faleceram; os restantes seis pacientes tiveram valores da DAVO2 sempre elevados e dois faleceram. Os pacientes com DAVO2 normais tiveram melhor evolucao clinica e indice de mortalidade menor, quando comparados com os pacientes com valores anormais da DAVO2 (p<0,05). O diagnostico de vasoespasmo foi feito, em sua maioria, pela avaliacao clinica, sendo confirmado radiologicamente em oito pacientes, mas estes ultimos tiveram DAVO2 normais. A medida isolada da DAVO2 nao foi suficiente para o diagnostico do vasoespasmo, porem refletiu alteracoes metabolicas precoces. Baseada nestes resultados, a DAVO2 pode ser usada como parÔmetro importante na monitorizaçÒo da evoluçÒo dos pacientes com HSAE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Monitoring, Physiologic , Oxygen/metabolism , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Glasgow Coma Scale , Ischemic Attack, Transient , Prognosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
19.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 5(1/2): 32-5, jun.-nov. 1996. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-261473

ABSTRACT

Se realizó la revisión de 233 historias clínicas correspondientes a pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Central de San Cristobal entre enero de 1990 a diciembre de 1994, con el fín de analizar las características clínicas de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como el método diagnóstico usado y el manejo intrahospitalario. El 63 por ciento fueron hombres, siendo la edad más frecuente de 61 y más años. La clínica más frecuente fué la cefalea (33 por ciento). El factor desencadenante más frecuente las crisis hipertensivas (45,,7 por ciento). El diagnóstico de HSA se basó fundamentalmente en la TAC de cráneo (61 por ciento), seguida de la Punción Lumbar y la Arteriografía cerebral (16 por ciento) y en algunos casos mediante la historia clínica (7 por ciento). En cuanto al manejo quirúrgico encontramos se llevó a cabo en el 16 por ciento del total de pacientes, siendo el año 1990 el que más intervenciones quirúrgicas arrojó (62,5 por ciento). Las muertes ocurrieron en el 79 por ciento de los pacientes, las cuales sobrevinieron en su mayor porcentaje en las primeras 24 horas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
20.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 8(2): 43-8, abr.-jun. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-186458

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Através de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo e näo controlado, objetivamos estudar a apresentaçäo clínica e a incidência das principais complicaçöes e mortalidade, relacionadas à Hemorragia Subaracnóidea (HSA) por ruptura de aneurisma cerebral. Metodologia: Cento e quarenta e três pacientes admitidos com HSA por aneurismas intracerebrais rotos, confirmados através de angiografia cerebral foram estudados. O estado clínico dos pacientes foi avaliado de acordo com a Escalada de Coma de Glasgow e a classificaçäo de Hunt e Hess. Foi dado especial atençäo às complicaçöes: hidrocefalia (HC), vasoespasmo (VE) ressangramento (RS) e a apresentaçäo de coma (CO) durante a internaçäo na UTI. Estes aspectos foram avaliados, considerando seus potenciais riscos na evoluçäo dos pacientes. Empregamos o teste de Mantel-Haenzel com correçäo de Yates para a análise estatística. Foi aceito significância quando p<0,05. Resultados: No período pré-operatório, 30 pacientes apresentaram vasoespasmo (VE), 12 hidrocefalia (HC), nove ressangramentos (RS) e outros nove coma (CO). No período pós-operatória, 11 pacientes apresentaram VE, 7 CO, 3 RS e outros 3 HC. No grupo de 124 (86,78 por cento) pacientes que foram tratados cirurgicamente, 11 (8,87 por cento) morreram. Dezenove pacientes näo foram operados, destes 18 (94,73 por cento) morreram. Considerando os pacientes que desenvolveram VE, HC, RS e CO antes da cirurgia, morreram 36,66 por cento (11/30), 50 por cento (6/12), 77,77 por cento (7/9) e 100 por cento (9/9), respectivamente. Todos os três pacientes que desenvolveram HC no pós-operatório morreram. Dos pacientes que evoluíram para coma em qualquer momento do pós-operatório 71,42 por cento (5/7) morreram. Apenas 18,18 por cento (2/11) dos pacientes que apresentaram VE no pós-operatório morreram. Conclusöes: O vasoespasmo, a hidrocefalia e o ressangramento no pré-operatório, bem como a hidrocefalia pós-operatória contribuíram para uma maior mortalidade (p<0,05). O coma, independente do grau de profundidade, em qualquer momento da evoluçäo, foi importante fator de mau prognóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aneurysm, Ruptured/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality
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